TABLE OF CONTENTS

Revised   2/10/05

1.0          Introduction

1.1             Dutch Windmill

1.2             Farm Windmill

1.3             Other Historical Water Pumping

2.0          Resource Assessment

2.1             Windspeed Histograms and Wind Maps

2.2             Guidelines for Screening for Water Pumping

2.2.1       Mexico

2.2.2       Other Countries

3.0          American Farm Windmill

3.1             Components

3.2             Operation

3.3             Performance

3.3.1          Tables from Manufacturer

3.3.2          Rotor Sizing

3.3.3          Water Flow Curve

3.4       Maintenance

4.0          Design Changes for American Farm Windmill

4.1             Reduce Solidity

4.2             Variable Load Match Between Rotor and Pump

4.3             Windmill for Low Wind Regions of the Tropics

4.4             Counter Balance

4.5             Other  Designs

4.5.1       Savonius

4.5.2       Sail Wing

4.5.3       Airlift

5.0          Wind Turbines

5.1             Drag Device

5.2             Lift Device

5.3             Orientation of Rotor Axis

5.4             Wind Turbine System

5.4.1       Control

5.4.2       Operation

5.4.3       Towers 

6.0          Pumps

6.1             Positive Displacement Pumps

6.1.1       Piston Pump

6.1.2       Other Positive Displacement Pumps

6.2             Centrifugal Pumps

6.3             Comparison of Piston and Centrifugal Pumps

6.4             New Pump

7.0          Design of Wind Water Pumping System

7.1             Water Demand

7.2             Water Resource

7.3             Hydraulic Power

7.4             Wind Resource

7.5             Sizing, System Selection, Predicted Output

7.6             Storage

7.7             Comparison to Other Power Sources

7.8             Considerations

8.0          Large Systems for Irrigation

8.1             Wind Assist

8.1.1       Indirect Connection

8.1.2       Direct Connection

8.2             Other Systems

8.3             Comparisons

9.0     Wind-Electric Water Pumping

9.1.           Research and Development

9.1.1.     Bergey Excel

9.1.2.     Motor-Pump Selection

9.2.           Testing Small Systems

9.3.           Performance

9.3.1.     Rotor Sizing

9.3.2.     Water Flow Curve

9.4.           Advantages, Disadvantages

9.5.           Small System Examples

9.6.           Small Irrigation, Village Supply Examples

10.0         System Comparison and Economics

10.1.       Cost of Energy

10.2.       Farm Windmill and Wind-Electric Costs

10.3.       Comparison of Wind Pumping Systems with Other Sources

10.4.       Simple Payback

10.5.       Payback Example

10.6.       Software

11.0         Project Development

11.1.      Sustainability

11.2.      Development

11.3.      Institutional Considerations Financing

11.3.1.     Policy Issues

11.3.2.      Nurture Solid Partnerships

11.3.3.                        Capacity Building

11.3.4.                        Education and Training

11.3.5.                        Technical Assistance

11.3.6.     Local Infrastructure Development

11.4.          Program Implementation

11.4.6.     Strategic Planning

11.4.7.     Pilot Projects to Sustainable Markets

11.4.8.     Grass-Roots Development Approach

11.4.9.     Install Appropriate Hardware

11.5.      Models for Information Dissemination

11.6.      Financing

11.6.1.     Cash Sales

11.6.2.     Financed Sales

11.6.3.     Leasing (Energy Service)

11.6.4.     Subsidies

11.7.       Management and Ownership

11.7.1.     Authorization Arrangement

11.7.2.     Contract

11.7.3.     Lease

11.7.4.     Ownership Transfer

11.7.5.     Associations and Cooperatives

11.8.      Tariffs and Payment

11.8.1.     Free

11.8.2.     Nominal (Subsidized)

11.8.3.     Fee for Service

11.8.4.     Payment

11.9.      Other Critical Issues

11.10.  Conclusions

12.0         Case Studies: Mexico

12.1.      Wind Resource in Mexico

12.2.      Implementation

12.3.      Las Valitos, Zacatecas

12.3.1.      Site Characteristics

12.3.2.      Wind Electric Water Pumping System

12.3.3.      Water Pumped; Predicted and Measured

12.3.4.      Economic Analysis

12.3.5.      Conclusions

12.4.      Rancho San Isidro, Oaxaca

12.4.1.      Site Characteristics

12.4.2.      Wind/Solar-Electric Water Pumping System

12.4.3.      Water Pumped; Predicted and Measured

12.4.4.      Economic Analysis

12.4.5.      Conclusions

13.0         Case Studies: United States

13.1.      Orchard, Wheeler County, Texas

13.1.1.      Site Characteristics

13.1.2.      Costs

13.1.3.      Operation and Maintenance

13.1.4.      Conclusions

13.2.      Cattle, USDA, Bushland, Texas

13.2.1.   Site Characteristics

13.2.2.   Costs

13.2.3.   Operation and Maintenance

13.2.4.   Conclusions

Appendix 1  Fundamentals

A1.1    Energy and Power

A1.2    Wind Shear

A1.3    Rotor Characteristics

A1.4    Performance

Appendix 2  Farm Windmill Manufacturers

Appendix 3  Wind-Electric Water Pumping Manufacturers

Appendix 4  Worksheets

A4.1    Water Demand

A4.2    Rough Sizing

A4.3    Estimated Output

A4.4    Estimated Cost

Vocabulary